Toxicology International (Formerly Indian Journal of Toxicology)

Lovleen ¹, Ruby Angurana ¹, Durdana Sadaf Amin ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Zoology, School of Bioengineering and Bioscience, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, IN

Abstract

The present research is attributed to evaluate the genotoxic potential of two herbicides namely Sodium Bispyribac and Pinoxaden, at sublethal level, LC₂₀ using larval salivary gland polytene chromosomes of Drosophila melanogaster. Standardization of exposure concentration was achieved by exposing second instars larvae of Drosophila to serial dilution concentration of the selected herbicides, for continuum of 24 hours. Thereafter, on the basic of observed mortality in treated and control groups, exact value of LC₂₀ was calculated by applying probit analysis and the corresponding values are 4.4 pl/ml for Sodium Bispyribac and 7.1pl/ml for Pinaxoden. Subsequently, exposure of standarized concentration was provided to second instar larvae, by mixing specified concentration in culture medium and, simultaneously negative control were also maintained. Third instar larvae were sacrificed for temporary squash preparation of polytene chromosomes and chromosomal complement were scrutinized for various types of structural chromosomal abnormities, in herbicide exposure group and natural population. Procured data indicated that the selected herbicides affected the structural integrity of polytene chromosomes, by inducing intrachromosomal, interchromosomal and telomeric fusions, paracentric inversions, inversion complexes, intrachromosomal and interchromosomal ectopic pairings due to induced homozygocity, chromatid breaks, chromosomal translocations and homologous chromosomal asynapses with respective value with respective number 45.66 ± 6.65 and 21 ± 3.60 in Sodium Bispyribac treated individuals and control, whereas in Pinoxaden treated and controls value 48.64 ± 8.6 and 25.32 ± 3.66 in control group. Subsequently, analysis of procured data, indicated that selected herbicides induced statistical significant genotoxicity in treated individuals in comparison to control groups (p<0.05).

Keywords

Genotoxicity, Bispyribac, Pinoxaden, Polytene, Drosophila.

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Lovleen ¹, Assmа Khan ¹, Anju Rani ¹, Lakshmi Devi ¹, Ruby Angurana ¹, Durdana Sadaf Amin ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Zoology, School of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, IN

Abstract

Present research exploration is attributed to reproductive toxicity evaluation of three synthetic agro-chemical pesticidal formulations viz: Bisрyribас Sodium, Pinoxaden and Spinosad, by implementing, test model, Drosophila melanogaster (2n=8). The target of present exploration is to evaluate reprotoxicity induced by selected pesticides. To accomplish the objectives of present research analysis, standardization of semilethal concentration LC₂₀, had been considered by exposing second instar larvae to serial dilution of selected pesticides, for continuation of 24 hrs. Thereafter, considering co-relation between exposed concentration and mortality rate, exact values of LC₂₀, had been calculated by probit analysis,which correspond to values 4.4 pl/ml for Sodium Bispyribac and 7.1pl/ml for Pinaxoden pl/ml for Bisрyribас Sodium, and 2 pl/ml for Spinosad. Subsequently, second instar larvae of fruit fly were exposed to sub lethal concentration, LC₂₀ of selected pesticides, for 24 hrs, by means of nutrition, adding to culture medium. Afterward, larvae molted into imago in normal culture medium, which were allowed to cross mate in three separate experimental sets, in triplicate with respective negative controls. In first set, both pesticide exposed male and female cross-mated. In second experimental set, treated male and normal female flies were allowed to crossmate, whereas in third experimental set, pesticide exposed females were allowed to mate with normal males. After comparison of fecundity rate in all experimental sets with natural population, it had been concluded that selected pesticides induced statistical significant decrease in fecundity, when scrutinized by Z-test (p<0.05). Additionally, it had been analysed that the male fruit flies were more susceptible than female fruit flies to selected pesticides.

Keywords

Reprotoxicity, Bisрyribас, Pinoxaden Spinosad Drosophila melanogaster.

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